REVELANDO AS COALIZÕES DE ACIONISTAS NO BRASIL

Autores/as

  • Silvia Consoni Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR)
  • Romualdo Douglas Colauto Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22561/cvr.v35i2.7725

Palabras clave:

Coalizão de Acionistas, Acordo de Acionistas, Grandes Acionistas, Distribuição do Controle

Resumen

A formação de coalizão de acionistas nem sempre é notada, e, por isso, os acordos de acionistas podem facilitar a identificação direta desse fenômeno. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar tais acordos para identificar e caracterizar as coalizões no mercado de capitais brasileiro. Foram examinados 949 acordos de acionistas, distribuídos em 382 empresas, tanto com registro ativo quanto cancelado, abrangendo o período de 1979 a 2019. A análise destaca duas principais formas de coalizões: as de controle, que buscam consolidar o poder de voto entre diversos blockholders, e as de entendimento mútuo, que unem o blockholder controlador e o acionista minoritário em torno de interesses comuns, permitindo que o acionista minoritário cooperante mantenha mecanismos de monitoramento ativo sobre a gestão. Além dos objetivos, essas coalizões diferem em aspectos como o número de acionistas envolvidos, a identidade das partes cooperantes e os direitos de controle que concentram. Esses resultados podem contribuir para pesquisas futuras sobre governança corporativa e a alocação do controle corporativo, temas relevantes para os agentes de mercado.

Biografía del autor/a

Silvia Consoni, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR)

Doutora em Contabilidade pela Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Professora assistente no Departamento de Ciências Contábeis da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Endereço: Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Departamento de Ciências Contábeis, Avenida Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, CEP 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brasil. Telefone:  +55 41 33604362. E-mail: silviaconsoni@ufpr.br.

Romualdo Douglas Colauto, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR)

Pós-doutor em Contabilidade e Controladoria pela FEA/USP. Professor titular no Departamento de Ciências Contábeis da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Endereço: Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Departamento de Ciências Contábeis, Avenida Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, CEP 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brasil. Telefone:  +55 41 33604362. E-mail: rdcolauto@ufpr.br.

Citas

Aldrighi, D. M., Afonso, L. E., Capparelli, G., & Santos, A. dos. (2010). As ofertas públicas iniciais na Bovespa no período recente: características das empresas, estrutura de propriedade e de controle, e desempenho. Anais do XXXVIII Encontro Nacional de Economia, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Recuperado 07 de novembro de 2020 em: http://www.anpec.org.br/encontro_2010.htm#TRABALHOS

Aminadav, G., & Papaioannou, E. (2020). Corporate control around the world. The Jorunal of Finance, 75(3), 1191-1246. https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12889

Andrade, L. P. de, Bressan, A. A., Iquiapaza, R. A., & Mendes-da-Silva, W. (2016). Reasons for and implications of the presence of institutional investors in the ownership structure of Brazilian companies. Corporate Ownership & Control, 13(4), 598–608. https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i4c4p9

Anuatti-Neto, F., Barossi-Filho, Carvalho, A. G., & Macedo, R. B. M. (2003). Costs and benefits of privatization: Evidence from Brazil. IDB Working Paper No. 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1814713.

Arantes, V. A.; Dicko, S., & Soares, R. O. (2023). Firm’s political connections and performance in Brazil and Canada: an analysis of the effect of country institutional factors. Journal of Management and Governance. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-022-09666-1

Attig, N., Ghoul, S., & Guedhami, O. (2009). Do multiple large shareholders play a corporate governance role? Evidence from East Asia. The Journal of Financial Research, 32(4), 395–422. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6803.2009.01255.x

Attig, N., Guedhami, O., & Mishra, D. (2008). Multiple large shareholders, control contests, and implied cost of equity. Journal of Corporate Finance, 14(5), 721–737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2008.08.008

Baglioni, A. (2011). Shareholders’ agreements and voting power: Evidence from Italian listed firms. Applied Economics, 43(27), 4043-4052. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036841003781494

Baglioni, A., & Colombo, L. (2013). The efficiency view of corporate boards: theory and evidence. Applied Economics, 45(4), 497–510. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.605764

Barbi Filho, C. (2000). Acordo de acionistas: panorama atual do instituto no direito brasileiro e propostas para a reforma de sua disciplina legal. Revista de Informação Legislativa, 152, 243–267. Recuperado 07 de novembro de 2020 em: http://www2.senado.leg.br/bdsf/handle/id/737

Basu, N., Paeglis, I., & Rahnamaei, M. (2016). Multiple blockholders, power, and firm value. Journal of Banking & Finance, 66(5), 66-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2016.01.001

Basu, N., Paeglis, I., & Toffanin, M. (2017). Reading between the blocks. Journal of Corporate Finance, 45(C), 294-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2017.04.017

Belot, F. (2008). Shareholder agreements and firm value: Evidence from French listed firms. Working Paper, Université de Paris-Dauphine. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1282144

Bennedsen, M., & Wolfenzon, D. (2000). The balance of power in closely held corporations. Journal of Financial Economics, 58(1–2), 113–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(00)00068-4

Bianchi, M., & Bianco, M. (2006). Italian corporate governance in the last 15 years: from pyramids to coalitions? Finance Working Paper nº 144, European Corporate Governance Institute. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.952147

Black, B. S., Carvalho, A. G. de., & Goga, É. (2009). The corporate governance of privately controlled Brazilian firms. Brazilian Review of Finance, 7(4), 385–428. https://doi.org/10.12660/rbfin.v7n4.2009.1450

Bloch, F., & Hege, U. (2001). Multiple shareholders and control contest. Working paper, Munch Personal RePEc Archive, No. 42286, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, France. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2273211

Bole, V., Habus, A. G., Koman, M., & Prasnikar, J. (2023). Blockholdings in closely held corporations: An analysis of ownership coalitions in emerging countries. Economic Systems, 47(2), paper 101072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101072.

Bolton, P., & Thadden, E. L. von. (1998). Blocks, liquidity, and corporate control. Journal of Finance, 53(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.15240

Bortolon, P. M. (2013). Porque as empresas brasileiras adotam estruturas piramidais de controle. BASE - Revista de Administração e Contabilidade da Unisinos, 10(1), 2-18. https://doi.org/10.4013/base.2013.101.01

Bortolotti, B., & Faccio, M. (2009). Government control of privatized firms. The Review of Financial Studies, 22(8), 2907-2939. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhn077

Brasil. Lei n. 6.404, de 15 de dezembro de 1976. (1976). Dispõe sobre as Sociedades por Ações. Brasília, DF. Recuperado 07 de novembro de 2020 em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l6404consol.htm

Carvalhal, A. (2012). Do shareholder agreements affect market valuation? Evidence from Brazilian listed firms. Journal of Corporate Finance, 18(4), 919–933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2012.04.003

Carvalhosa, M. (2003). Comentários à Lei de Sociedades Anônimas. 3 ed., volume 2, São Paulo: Saraiva.

Chemla, G., Habib, M., & Ljungqvist, A. (2007). An analysis of shareholder agreements. Journal European Economic Association, 5(1), 93–121. https://doi.org/10.1162/JEEA.2007.5.1.93

Chen, V. Z., Hobdari, B., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Blockholder heterogeneity and conflicts in cross-border acquisitions. Journal of Corporate Finance, 57, 86–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2018.02.002

Claessens, S., & Yurtoglu, B. B. (2013). Corporate Governance in emerging markets: A survey. Emerging Markets Review, 15, 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2012.03.002

Clifford, C. P., & Lindsey, L. (2016). Blockholder heterogeneity, CEO compensation, and firm performance. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 51(5), 1491–1520. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109016000624

Consoni, S., & Colauto, R. D. (2023). Shareholder coalitions and dividends: evidence from the Brazilian capital market. Revista Contabilidade & Finanças, 34(92), e1769. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x20221769.en

Crespi, R., & Renneboog, L. (2010). Is (institutional) shareholder activism new? Evidence from UK shareholder coalitions in Pre-Cadbury Era. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 18(4), 274–295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2010.00795.x

Crisóstomo, V. L., Brandão, I. de F., & López-Iturriaga, F. J. (2020). Large shareholders’ power and the quality of corporate governance: An analysis of Brazilian firms. Research in International Business and Finance, 51, paper 101076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2019.101076

CVM – Comissão de Valores Mobiliários. Instrução CVM n. 358, de 03 de janeiro de 2002. (2002). Texto consolidado. Brasília, DF. Recuperado 07 de novembro de 2020 em: http://conteudo.cvm.gov.br/legislacao/instrucoes/inst358.html

De-la-Hoz, M. C., & Pombo, C. (2016). Institutional investor heterogeneity and firm valuation: Evidence from Latin America. Emerging Markets Review, 26, 197–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2015.12.001

Dyck, A., & Zingales, L. (2004). Control premiums and the effectiveness of corporate governance systems. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 16(2-3), 51–7. https://doi.org/10.7312/chew14854-005

Edmans, A. (2009). Blockholder trading, market efficiency, and managerial myopia. The Journal of Finance, 64(6), 2481-2513. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2009.01508.x

Edmans, A., & Holderness, C. G. (2017). Blockholders: a survey of theory and evidence. In B. Hermalin & M. Weisbach (Eds.), The handbook of the economics of corporate governance (Vol. 1, Chap. 8, 541-636). Oxford/North-Holland: Elsevier.

Enriques, L., & Volpin, P. (2007). Corporate governance reforms in continental Europe. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21(1), 117-140. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.1.117

Frynas, J. G., Mellahi, K., & Pigman, G. A. (2006). First mover advantages in international business and firm-specific political resources. Strategic Management Journal, 27(4), 321-345. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.519

Gianfrate, G. (2007). What do shareholders’ coalitions really want? Evidence from Italian voting trusts. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 15(2), 122–132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2007.00549.x

Gianfrate, G., & Zanetti, L. (2007). Shareholders’ coalitions and control contestability: The case of Italian voting trust agreements. Corporate Ownership and Control, 4(4), 30–35. https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv4i4c4p3

Gelman, M., Castro, L. R. K. de, & Seidler, V. (2015). Efeitos da vinculação de conselheiros ao acordo de acionistas no valor da firma. RAE – Revista de Administração de Empresas, 55(3), 345–358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-759020150309

Gomes, A., & Novaes, W. (2005). Sharing of control versus monitoring as corporate governance mechanisms. Working paper, Washington University in St. Louis. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.277111

Gomez-Mejia, L. R., Nuñez-Nickel, M., & Gutierrez, I. (2001). The role of family ties in agency contracts. The Academy of Management Journal, 44(1), 81-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3069338

Gorga, E. (2009). Changing the paradigm of stock ownership from concentrated towards dispersed ownership? Evidence from Brazil and consequences for emerging countries. Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business, 29(2), 439–554. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1121037

Gorga, E., & Gelman, M. (2012). O esvaziamento crescente do conselho de administração como efeito da vinculação de seu voto a acordos de acionistas no Brasil. 21 p. Recuperado 07 de novembro de 2020 em: http://www.ibgc.org.br/userfiles/files/1o_Colocado.pdf

Hadlock, C. J., & Schwartz-Ziv, M. (2019). Blockholder heterogeneity, multiple blocks, and the dance between blockholders. The Review of Financial Studies, 32(11), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhz022

Iwasaki, I., & Mizobata, S. (2019). Ownership Concentration and Firm Performance in European Emerging Economies: A Meta-Analysis. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 56(1), 32–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2018.1530107

Jiang, F., Cai, X., Jiang, Z., & Nofsinger, J. (2019). Multiple large shareholders and dividends: Evidence from China. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 57, Artigo 101.201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2019.101201

Leal, R. P. C. (2011). The emergence of a serious contender – Corporate governance in Brazil. In C. Mallin (Ed.), Handbook on International Corporate Governance – Country Analyses (2nd, 317-329). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Leal, R. P. C., & Silva, A. L. C. da. (2008). Controle compartilhado e o valor das empresas brasileiras. RAC-Eletrônica 2 (2), 296–310. Recuperado 07 de novembro de 2020 em: http://www.anpad.org.br/periodicos/arq_pdf/a_739.pdf

Laeven, L., & Levine, R. (2008). Complex ownership structures and corporate valuations. Review of Financial Studies, 21(2), 579–604. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhm068

Long, W., Wu, H., Li, L., Ying, S. X., & Li, S. (2024). Mixed-ownership structure, non-state-blockholder coalition, and tax avoidance. International Review of Financial Analysis, 91, paper 102988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102988

López-Iturriaga, F. J., & Santana-Martín, D. (2015). Do shareholder coalitions modify de dominant owner’s control? The impact on dividend policy. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 23(6), 519–533. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12126

Maug, E. (1998). Large shareholders as monitors: Is there a trade-off between liquidity and control? Journal of Finance, 53(1), 65–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.35053

Maury, B., & Pajuste, A. (2005). Multiple large shareholders and firm value. Journal of Banking and Finance, 29(7), 1813–1834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2004.07.002

Morck, R. (2008). Behavioral finance in corporate governance: economics and ethics of devil’s advocate. Journal of Management and Governance, 12(2), 179-200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-008-9059-4

Oliver, C., & Holzinger, I. (2008). The effectiveness of strategic political management: A dynamic capabilities framework. Academy of Management Review, 33(2), 496-520. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2008.31193538

Paula, G. M. de, Ferraz, J. C., & Iooty, M. (2002). Economic liberalization and changes in corporate control in Latin America. The Developing Economies, 40(4), 467-496. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2002.tb00923.x

Peixoto, F. M., & Buccini, A. R. A. (2013). Separation between ownership and control and its relation to value and performance of Brazilian companies: Where do we stand? Revista Contabilidade e Organizações, 18(7), 48–59. https://doi.org/10.11606/rco.v7i18.55613

Perkins, S., Morck, R., & Yeung, B. (2014). Innocents abroad: the hazards of international joint ventures with pyramidal group firms. Global Strategy Journal, 4, 310-330. https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1087

Renneboog, L., & Trojanowski, G. (2007). Control structures and payout policy. Managerial Finance, 33(1), 43-64. http://doi.org/10.1108/03074350710715809

Proença, J. M. M. (2011). Direitos e deveres dos acionista. In M. E. R. Finkelstein & J. M. M. Proença (Orgs.), Direito societário - sociedade anônima (2 ed.), São Paulo: Saraiva.

Rodriguez, C. L., Diniz, E. H., & Ferrer, F. (2007). Influência governamental e estratégias institucionais na difusão de inovações em economias emergentes. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 47(1), 10-21. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-75902007000100002

Roosenboom, P., & Schramade, W. (2006). The price of power: Valuing the controlling position of owner-managers in French IPO firms. Journal of Corporate Finance, 12, 270-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2005.02.001

Russino, A., Picone, P. M., & Dagnino, G. B. (2019). Unveiling the role of multiple blockholders: Evidence from closely held firms. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 27(6), 477-502. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12299

Sauerwald, S., & Peng, M. W. (2013). Informal institutions, shareholder coalitions, and principal-principal conflicts. Asia Pacific Journal Management, 30, 853–870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-012-9312-x

Siffert Filho, N. (1998). Governança corporativa: padrões Internacionais e evidências empíricas no Brasil nos anos 90. Revista do BNDES, 9, 1 – 22. Recuperado 07 de novembro de 2020 em: https://web.bndes.gov.br/bib/jspui/handle/1408/11394

Silva, A. L. P. da, Bueno, G., Lana, J., Koetz, C. M., & Marco, R. (2015). Uns mais iguais que os outros: A relação entre concentração de propriedade e os acordos de acionistas. Contabilidade, Gestão e Governança, 18(3). Recuperado em 07 de novembro de 2020 em: https://www.revistacgg.org/contabil/article/view/873

Sternberg, L., Leal, R. P. C., & Bortolon, P. M. (2011). Affinities and agreements among major Brazilian shareholders. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 8(3), 213–228. https://doi.org/10.1057/jdg.2011.6

Verne, R.M., Santos, R. L., & Postali, F. (2009). Pyramidal ownership structures and its effects on firm value: The case of going public companies in Brazil during 2004 to 2007. Working Paper, SSRN. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1423585

Villalonga, B., & Amit, R. (2009). How are U.S. family firms controlled? The Review of Financial Studies, 22(8), 3047–3091. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhn080

Volpin, P. F. (2002). Governance with poor investor protection: evidence from top executive turnover in Italy. Journal of Financial Economics, 64, 61–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(02)00071-5

Wang, Z. H. (2017). Turf war or collusion: An empirical investigation of conflict of interest between large shareholders Corporate Governance: An International Review, 25(5), 358-380. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12207

Zwiebel, J. (1995). Block investment and partial benefits of corporate control. The Review of Economic Studies, 62(2), 161–185. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297801

Publicado

2024-12-02

Cómo citar

CONSONI, S.; COLAUTO, R. D. REVELANDO AS COALIZÕES DE ACIONISTAS NO BRASIL. Contabilidad Vista & Revista, [S. l.], v. 35, n. 2, p. 54–79, 2024. DOI: 10.22561/cvr.v35i2.7725. Disponível em: https://revistas.face.ufmg.br/index.php/contabilidadevistaerevista/article/view/7725. Acesso em: 24 dic. 2025.

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a

1 2 3 > >>