Difference between Accounting-Fiscal Profit: Bankers and Politicians Interests

INTERESSES DE BANQUEIROS E POLÍTICOS

Authors

  • ANA JULIA BATISTELLA Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó – Unochapecó
  • CRISTIAN BAÚ DAL MAGRO Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó – Unochapecó
  • SADY MAZZIONI Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó – Unochapecó

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22561/cvr.v34i2.7549

Keywords:

Accounting and Tax Compliance, Corporate Governance, Social Networks, Politicians, Bankers

Abstract

The objective of the study is to verify the influence of board interlocking of bankers and politicians on the difference between accounting and tax profits of companies listed on Brasil Bolsa Balcão - B3. The research sample considered 1,157 observations, corresponding to the period from 2011 to 2018. Data were treated by multiple linear regression. The results indicate that board interlocking, by itself, does not interfere in the difference between accounting and tax profit, but politicians' board interlocking reduces the difference between accounting and tax profit and bankers' board interlocking increases the difference between profit accounting and tax. Bankers on the board of directors share knowledge that is reflected in accounting information with a focus on primary stakeholders and politicians make companies prioritize the accounting focus on tax information. Based on the findings, presidents, managers and shareholders will be able to analyze more clearly the quality of the accounting reports disclosed and, from this perspective, evaluate the benefit of keeping members with specific and interconnected expertise on the board of directors.

Author Biographies

ANA JULIA BATISTELLA, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó – Unochapecó

Mestra em Ciências Contábeis e Administração pela Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó – UNOCHAPECO, Professora do Centro de Ensino Superior Riograndense – CESURG. Endereço: Rod BR 386, KM 138 – Beira Campo, CEP 99650-000, Sarandi, RS – Brasil. Telefone: (55) 99674-5296. E-mail: anajbatistella@hotmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7988-7083

CRISTIAN BAÚ DAL MAGRO, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó – Unochapecó

Doutor em Ciências Contábeis e Administração pela Universidade Regional de Blumenau – FURB, Professor do Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Contábeis e Administração da Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó – UNOCHAPECO. Endereço: Avenida Senador Attílio Fontana 591 E, Bloco R, EFAPI, CEP 89809-000 - Chapecó, SC – Brasil. Telefone: (49) 99118-2003. E-mail: crisbau@unochapeco.edu.br. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7609-5806

SADY MAZZIONI, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó – Unochapecó

Doutor em Ciências Contábeis e Administração pela Universidade Regional de Blumenau – FURB, Professor do Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Contábeis e Administração da Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó – UNOCHAPECO. Endereço: Avenida Senador Attílio Fontana 591 E, Bloco R, EFAPI, CEP 89809-000 - Chapecó, SC – Brasil. Telefone: (49) 99928-9520. E-mail: sady@unochapeco.edu.br. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8976-6699

References

Agrawal, A.; Knoeber, C. R. (2001). Do some outside directors play a political role? The Journal of Law and Economics, 44(1), 179-198. Doi:10.1086/320271

Albuquerque, T. S. (2016). Board Interlocking no Brasil-Aspectos societários da participação de conselheiros em múltiplas. São Paulo, Leya.

Atwood, T. J., Drake, M. S., & Myers, L. A. (2010). Book-tax conformity, earnings persistence and the association between earnings and future cash flows. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(1), 111-125. Doi:10.1016/j.jacceco.2009.11.001

Blaylock, B., Gaertner, F. B., & Shevlin, T. (2017). Book-tax conformity and capital structure. Review of Accounting Studies, 22(2), 903-932. Doi: 10.1007/s11142-017-9386-2

Bona‐Sánchez, C., Pérez‐Alemán, J., & Santana‐Martín, D. J. (2014). Politically connected firms and earnings informativeness in the controlling versus minority shareholders context: European evidence. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 22(4), 330-346. Doi:10.1111/corg.12064

Boubakri, N., Guedhami, O., Mishra, D., & Saffar, W. (2012). Political connections and the cost of equity capital. Journal of Corporate Finance, 18(3), 541-559. Doi: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2012.02.005

Camilo, S. P. O., Marcon, R., & Bandeira-de-Mello, R. (2012). Conexões políticas das firmas e seus efeitos na performance: uma convergência entre as perspectivas da governança e da dependência de recursos – um ensaio teórico. Revista Alcance, 19(2), 241-258. Doi: https://doi.org/10.14210/alcance.v19n2.p241-258

Cardoso, T. A. O.; Costa, P. S.; Ávila, L. A. C. (2017). A persistência da book-tax differences nas companhias abertas brasileiras após a adoção do International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Revista Alcance, v. 24, n. 4. Doi: https://doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2017.288

Carrera, N. (2013). Audit committees’ interlocks and financial reporting Quality. In 36º Annual Congress European Accounting Association, Paris, France.

Chaney, P. K., & Faccio, M. dan Parsley, D.(2011). The quality of accounting information in politically connected firms. Journal of Accounting and Economics. Doi: 10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.07.003

Chen, S., Chen, X., Cheng, Q., & Shevlin, T. (2010). Are family firms more tax aggressive than non-family firms?. Journal of Financial Economics, 95(1), 41-61. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2009.02.003

Chen, C. J., Ding, Y., & Kim, C. F. (2010). High-level politically connected firms, corruption, and analyst forecast accuracy around the world. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(9), 1505-1524. Doi: 10.1057/jibs.2010.27

Chen, T. Y., Gu, Z., Kubota, K., & Takehara, H. (2015). Accrual-based and real activities based earnings management behavior of family firms in Japan. The Japanese Accounting Review, 5(2015), 21-47. Doi: https://doi.org/10.11640/tjar.5.2015.02

Chi, S. S., Pincus, M., & Teoh, S. H. (2014). Mispricing of book-tax differences and the trading behavior of short sellers and insiders. The Accounting Review, 89(2), 511-543. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-50644

Chiu, P. C., Teoh, S. H., & Tian, F. (2013). Board interlocks and earnings management contagion. The Accounting Review, 88(3), 915-944. Doi: 10.2308/accr-50369

Costa, M., Bandeira-de-Mello, R., & Marcon, R. (2013). Influencia de la conexión política en la diversificación de los grupos empresariales brasileños. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 53(4), 376-387. Doi: 10.1590/S0034-75902013000400005

Costa, P. S., & Lopes, A. B. (2015). Implicações da adoção das IFRS sobre as book-tax differences: o caso do Brasil. Novas Edições Acadêmicas. DoI: https://doi.org/10.11606/t.12.2012.tde-30032012-173043

Cunha, P. R. D., & Piccoli, M. R. (2017). Influence of board interlocking on earnings management. Revista Contabilidade & Finanças, 28(74), 179-196. Doi: 10.1590/1808-057x201701980

Dal Magro, C. B. (2017). Efeito moderador de expertises de membros do board interlocking em incentivos para as práticas de gerenciamento de resultados mediante atividades reais (Doctoral dissertation, Tese de Doutorado em Ciências Contábeis e Administração, Universidade Regional de Blumenau-FURB, Blumenau, SC, Brasil).

Dal Magro, C. B., & Klann, R. C. (2020). Novo olhar ao board interlocking: evidências a partir das redes sociais corporativas. Revista de Administração Pública, 54(1), 121-141. Doi: 10.1590/0034-761220180293

Daske, H., & Gebhardt, G. (2006). International financial reporting standards and experts’ perceptions of disclosure quality. Abacus, 42(3‐4), 461-498. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6281.2006.00211.x

Dhaliwal, D. A. N., Naiker, V. I. C., & Navissi, F. (2010). The association between accruals quality and the characteristics of accounting experts and mix of expertise on audit committees. Contemporary Accounting Research, 27(3), 787-827. Doi: 10.1111/j.1911-3846.2010.01027.x

Dittmann, I., Maug, E., & Schneider, C. (2010). Bankers on the boards of German firms: What they do, what they are worth, and why they are (still) there. Review of Finance, 14(1), 35-71. Doi: 10.1093/rof/rfp007

Doukakis, L. C. (2014). The effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on real and accrual-based earnings management activities. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 33(6), 551-572. Doi: 10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2014.08.006

Faccio, M. (2006). Politically connected firms. American economic review, 96(1), 369-386. Doi: 10.1257/000282806776157704

Faccio, M. (2010). Differences between politically connected and nonconnected firms: A cross‐country analysis. Financial management, 39(3), 905-928. Doi: 10.1111/j.1755-053X.2010.01099.x

Fama, E. F., & Jensen, M. C. (1983). Agency problems and residual claims. The Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2), 327-349. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/467038

Fan, J. P., Guan, F., Li, Z., & Yang, Y. G. (2014). Relationship networks and earnings informativeness: Evidence from corruption cases. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 41(7-8), 831-866. Doi: 10.1111/jbfa.12078

Fávero, L. P., Belfiore, P., Silva, F. D., & Chan, B. L. (2009). Análise de dados: modelagem multivariada para tomada de decisões. São Paulo, Atlas.

Ferreira, F. R., Martinez, A. L., Costa, F. M. D., & Passamani, R. R. (2012). Book-tax differences e gerenciamento de resultados no mercado de ações do Brasil. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 52(5), 488-501. Doi.org/10.1590/S0034-75902012000500002.

Formigoni, H., Antunes, M. T. P., & Paulo, E. (2009). Diferença entre o lucro contábil e lucro tributável: uma análise sobre o gerenciamento de resultados contábeis e gerenciamento tributário nas companhias abertas brasileiras. Brazilian Business Review, 6(1), 44-61. Doi: 10.15728/bbr.2009.6.1.3

Glasberg, D. S. (1987). The ties that bind? Case studies in the significance of corporate board interlocks with financial institutions. Sociological Perspectives, 30(1), 19-48. Doi: 10.2307/1389182

Granovetter, M. (1983). The strength of weak ties: A network theory revisited. Sociological Theory, p. 201-233. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/202051

Gujarati, D. N. (2011). Econometria básica. 5. ed. Porto Alegre, Bookman.

Güner, A. B., Malmendier, U., & Tate, G. (2008). Financial expertise of directors. Journal of financial Economics, 88(2), 323-354. Doi: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2007.05.009

Hanlon, M. & Heitzman, S. (2010). A review of tax research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(2-3), 127-178. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.09.002.

Hanlon, M., Maydew, E. L., & Shevlin, T. (2008). An unintended consequence of book-tax conformity: A loss of earnings informativeness. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 46(2-3), 294-311. Doi: 10.1016/j.jacceco.2008.09.003

Hashim, U. J., & Abdul Rahman, R. (2011). Board independence, board diligence, board expertise and impact on audit report lag in Malaysian market. In Finance and Corporate Governance Conference. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1717479

Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360. Doi: /10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X

Karampinis, N. I., & Hevas, D. L. (2013). Effects of IFRS adoption on tax-induced incentives for financial earnings management: Evidence from Greece. The International Journal of Accounting, 48(2), 218-247. Doi: 10.1016/j.intacc.2013.04.003

Khan, M., Srinivasan, S., & Tan, L. (2017). Institutional ownership and corporate tax avoidance: New evidence. The Accounting Review, 92(2), 101-122. Doi: 10.2308/accr-51529

Kim, Y., & Cannella Jr, A. A. (2008). Toward a social capital theory of director selection. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 16(4), 282-293. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8683.2008.00693.x

Kothari, S. P. (2001). Capital markets research in accounting. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 31(1-3), 105-231. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(01)00030-1

Lev, B., & Nissim, D. (2004). Taxable income, future earnings, and equity values. The Accounting Review, 79(4), 1039-1074. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2004.79.4.1039

Markarian, G., & Parbonetti, A. (2009). Financial interlocks and earnings management: evidence from Italy. Available at SSRN 1396299. Doi: 10.2139/ssrn.1396299

Martinez, A. L., & Bassetti, M. (2016). Ciclo de vida das empresas, book-tax differences e a persistência nos lucros. Revista de Educação e Pesquisa em Contabilidade (REPeC), 10(2), 148-162. Doi: https://doi.org/10.17524/repec.v10i2.1312

Martinez, A. L., & Leal, L. V. (2019). Conformidade contábil-fiscal e gerenciamento de resultados contábeis no Brasil. RACE-Revista de Administração, Contabilidade e Economia, 18(1), 9-30. Doi: 10.18593/race.18854

Mendes-da-Silva, W. (2010). Board interlocking, desempenho financeiro e valor das empresas brasileiras listadas em bolsa: análise sob a ótica da teoria dos grafos e de redes sociais (Doctoral dissertation, Universidade de São Paulo).

Mizruchi, M. S., & Stearns, L. B. (1988). A longitudinal study of the formation of interlocking directorates. Administrative Science Quarterly, 194-210. Doi: 10.2307/2393055

Mizruchi, M. S. (1996). What do interlocks do? An analysis, critique, and assessment of research on interlocking directorates. Annual Review of Sociology, 22(1), 271-298. Doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.22.1.271

Okhmatovskiy, I. (2010). Performance implications of ties to the government and SOEs: A political embeddedness perspective. Journal of Management Studies, 47(6), 1020-1047. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00881.x

Qian, M., Pan, H., & Yeung, B. Y. (2011, November). Expropriation of minority shareholders in politically connected firms. In Finance and Corporate Governance Conference. Doi: 10.2139/ssrn.1719335

Ribeiro, F., & Colauto, R. D. (2016). A relação entre board interlocking e as práticas de suavização de resultados. Revista Contabilidade & Finanças, 27(70), 55-66. Doi: 10.1590/1808-057x201501320

Santos, R. L., & da Silveira, A. D. M. (2007). Board interlocking no Brasil: a participação de conselheiros em múltiplas companhias e seu efeito sobre o valor das empresas. Revista Brasileira de Finanças, 5(2), 125-163.

Santos, R. L., Da Silveira, A. D. M., & Barros, L. A. (2012). Board interlocking in Brazil:

directors' participation in multiple companies and its effect on firm value and profitability. Latin American Business Review, 13(1), 1-28. Doi: 10.1080/10978526.2012.673419

Shackelford, D. A., & Shevlin, T. (2001). Empirical tax research in accounting. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 31(1-3), 321-387. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165- 4101(01)00021-0.

Shi, L., Dharwadkar, R., & Harris, D. (2013). Board interlocks and earnings quality. Available at SSRN.

Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1997). A survey of corporate governance. The journal of finance, 52(2), 737-783. Doi. 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb04820.x

Silva, E. D. S., Santos, J. F. D., & Almeida, M. A. (2011). Conselho de Administração: uma análise da influência nos níveis de endividamento. Revista Brasileira de Gestão de Negócios, 13(41), 440-453. Doi: 10.7819/rbgn.v13i41.835

Stearns, L. B., & Mizruchi, M. S. (1993). Board composition and corporate financing: The impact of financial institution representation on borrowing. Academy of management Journal, 36(3), 603-618. Doi: 10.5465/256594

Sun, J., Lan, G., & Liu, G. (2014). Independent audit committee characteristics and real earnings management. Managerial Auditing Journal. Doi: 10.1108/MAJ-05-2013-0865

Tang, T. Y. (2005). Book-tax differences, a proxy for earnings management and tax management-empirical evidence from China. Available at SSRN 872389. Doi: 102139/ssrn.872389

Tang, T. Y. (2015). Does book-tax conformity deter opportunistic book and tax reporting? An international analysis. European Accounting Review, 24(3), 441-469. Doi: 10.1080/09638180.2014.932297

Tang, T. Y., & Firth, M. (2012). Earnings persistence and stock market reactions to the different information in book-tax differences: Evidence from China. The International Journal of Accounting, 47(3), 369-397. Doi: 10.1016/j.intacc.2012.07.004

White, H. (1980). A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica: journal of the Econometric Society, 817-838. Doi: 10.2307/1912934

Wong, L. H. H., Gygax, A. F., & Wang, P. (2015). Board interlocking network and the design of executive compensation packages. Social networks, 41, 85-100. doi: 10.1016/j.socnet.2014.12.002

Published

2023-11-30

How to Cite

BATISTELLA, A. J.; DAL MAGRO, C. B.; MAZZIONI, S. Difference between Accounting-Fiscal Profit: Bankers and Politicians Interests: INTERESSES DE BANQUEIROS E POLÍTICOS. Contabilidade Vista & Revista, [S. l.], v. 34, n. 2, p. 101–124, 2023. DOI: 10.22561/cvr.v34i2.7549. Disponível em: https://revistas.face.ufmg.br/index.php/contabilidadevistaerevista/article/view/7549. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2024.