RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AUDIT QUALITY AND ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL IRREGULARITIES IN BRAZILIAN COMPANIES LISTED ON B3

Authors

  • José Carlos de Sousa Santos Fucape Business School
  • Francisco Antonio Bezerra Fucape Business School

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22561/cvr.v34i1.7754

Keywords:

External Audit, Audit Quality, Accounting and Financial Irregularities, Administrative Proceedings Judged by the CVM

Abstract

This research aimed to verify the relationship between audit quality and irregularities committed by Brazilian companies. The methodology used in the research was quantitative and the probability estimation was carried out using the logit regression model. The sample data, related to Brazilian companies listed on B3 (Brazilian Stock Exchange Company), has been extracted from Economatica®, covering the period from 2010 to 2020. The Report on Sanctioning Administrative Proceedings (PAS), issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission of Brazil (CVM), has been used to identify and classify the irregularities in accounting, financial or other types. The study provides empirical foundations to the national literature, in addition to being a source of research for users of accounting information, and also presents similar previous studies, bringing new aspects that affect the level of irregularities in companies. The results showed that the quality of the audit has a negative impact on the irregularities variable, besides it, they suggest that the high quality of the audit developed in Brazil reduces the probability of irregularities in the companies' statements. As a practical contribution, the study provides insights to companies regarding the strategy for hiring audits and also regarding the definition of audit fee payment policies.

Author Biographies

José Carlos de Sousa Santos, Fucape Business School

Mestre em Ciências Contábeis e Administração, Fucape Business School, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7751-1496, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 1358, Vitória-ES, (27) 4009-4444, jc.desousasantos@gmail.com.

Francisco Antonio Bezerra, Fucape Business School

Doutor em Controladoria e Contabilidade, Fucape Business School, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0427-8742, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 1358, Vitória-ES, (27) 4009-4444, francisco@fucape.br

References

Ahmad, A. (2019). Does audit quality improve quality of accounting information in Pakistan’s capital market. City University Research Journal - CURJ, 9(1), 206-219.

Ajward, A. R., & Takehara, H. (2011). On the relationship between Earnings quality and the degree of information asymmetry: Evidence from Japan. Japan Journal of Finance, 31(1), 76-98.

Almeida, M. C. (2017). Auditoria: abordagem moderna e completa (9a ed.). São Paulo: Atlas.

Almeida, S. R. V., da Silva, D. C. G., & Peixoto, M. M. D. C. L. (2019). Responsabilidade do auditor independente na detecção de fraudes: a visão da sociedade. REASU-Revista Eletrônica de Administração da Universidade Santa Úrsula, 3(2).

Alrawashedh, N. H., Abdelrahim Kadomi, D., & Almatarneh, Z. (2020). External auditor's responsibility to the detection of inaccuracy and fraud in the financial statements: an empirical study. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(3), 1777-1786.

Amiram, D., Bozanic, Z., Cox, J. D., Dupont, Q., Karpoff, J. M., & Sloan, R. (2018). Financial reporting fraud and other forms of misconduct: a multidisciplinary review of the literature. Review of Accounting Studies, 23(2), 732-783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-017-9435-x

Armstrong, C. S., Jagolinzer, A. D., & Larcker, D. F. (2010). Chief executive officer equity incentives and accounting irregularities. Journal of Accounting Research, 48(2), 225-271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2009.00361.x

Attie, W. (2018). Auditoria: conceitos e aplicações (7a ed.). São Paulo: Atlas.

Bakarich, K., & Kerr, J. N. (2016). Compliance costs and book-tax conformity: Evidence from audit fees and audit quality. Available at SSRN 2761107. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2761107

Becker, C. L., Defond, M. L., Jiambalvo, J., & Subramanyam, K. R. (1998). The effect of Audit Quality on Earnings management. Contemporary Accounting Research, 15(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.1998.tb00547.x

Borges, S. R. P., & Andrade, M. E. M. C. (2019). Empresas Listadas na B3 Vs. Processos Sancionadores da CVM: Em Qual Setor Você Aposta?. Revista Mineira de Contabilidade, 20(1), 63-75. https://doi.org/10.21714/2446-9114RMC2019v20n1t05

Braunbeck, G. O. (2010). Determinantes da qualidade das auditorias independentes no Brasil (Doctoral dissertation, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil).

Brito, C., & Fontenelle, R. (2019). Auditoria privada e governamental (4a ed.). Niterói RJ: Impetus.

Castro, P. R., Amaral, J. V., & Guerreiro, R. (2018). Aderência ao programa de integridade da lei anticorrupção brasileira e implantação de controles internos. Revista Contabilidade & Finanças, 30, 186-201. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201806780

Chiang, S. L., Huang, L. H., & Hsiao, H. C. (2011). Study of Earnings Management and Audit Quality. African Journal of Business management, 5(7), 2686-2699.

Comissão de Valores Mobiliários – CVM. (1999). Instrução CVM 308/99. Recuperado em 15 março, 2021, de http://conteudo.cvm.gov.br/legislacao/instrucoes/inst308.html.

Comitê De Pronunciamentos Contábeis - CPC. (2011). Pronunciamento conceitual básico (R1). CPC 00 (R1). Estrutura Conceitual para Elaboração e Divulgação de Relatório Contábil-Financeiro. Disponível em: http://static.cpc.aatb.com.br/Documentos/ 573_CPC00(R2).pdf. Acesso em: 15 jan. 2023.

Conselho Federal de Contabilidade - CFC. (2010). Resolução CFC n° 1.283/2010. Recuperado em 03 março, 2021, de http://www.portaldecontabilidade.com.br/nbc/resolucaocfc1049.htm.

Conselho Federal de Contabilidade - CFC. (2011). Resolução CFC n° 1.328/2011. Recuperado em 20 março, 2021, de https://www1.cfc.org.br/sisweb/sre/detalhes_sre.aspx?Codigo=2011/001328.

Costa, A. P. P. D., & Wood Jr, T. (2012). Fraudes corporativas. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 52(4), 464-472. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-75902012000400008

Crepaldi, S. A., & Crepaldi, G. S. (2019). Auditoria contábil: teoria e prática (11a ed.). São Paulo: Atlas.

Dantas, J. A., & Medeiros, O. R. D. (2015). Determinantes de qualidade da auditoria independente em bancos. Revista Contabilidade & Finanças, 26(67), 43-56. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201400030

DeAngelo, L. E. (1981). Auditor size and audit quality. Journal of accounting and economics, 3(3), 183-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4101(81)90002-1

Edgley, C., Sharma, N., & Anderson-Gough, F. (2016). Diversity and professionalism in the Big Four firms: Expectation, celebration and weapon in the battle for talent. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 35, 13-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2015.05.005

Erickson, M., Hanlon, M., & Maydew, E. L. (2006). Is there a link between executive equity incentives and accounting fraud? Journal of accounting research, 44(1), 113-143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2006.00194.x

Fan, J. P. H., & Wong, T. J. (2001). Do external auditors perform a corporate governance role in Emerging markets? Evidence from East Asia. William Davidson Institute working paper 400.

Faustino, A. M. D., & Damasceno, F. S. (2020). Qualidade de auditoria e conformidade fiscal no Brasil. Anais do Encontro da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Administração, 44.

Felix, C. H. R., & Teixeira, A. (2021). Tax Aggressiveness and Accounting and Financial Irregularities in Brazil. New Challenges in Accounting and Finance, 05(2021).

Fernando, G. D., Abdel‐Meguid, A. M., & Elder, R. J. (2010). Audit quality attributes, client size and cost of equity capital. Review of Accounting and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1108/14757701011094571

Francis, J. R. (1984). The effect of audit firm size on audit prices: A study of the Australian market. Journal of accounting and economics, 6(2), 133-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4101(84)90010-7

Francis, J. R., & Yu, M. D. (2009). Big 4 office size and audit quality. The accounting review, 84(5), 1521-1552. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2009.84.5.1521

Francis, J. R., Maydew, E. L. & Sparks, H. C. (1999). The role of big 6 auditors in the credible reporting of accruals. Auditing: A journal of practice & theory, 18(2), 17-34.

Freguete, L. M., Nossa, V., & Funchal, B. (2015). Responsabilidade social corporativa e desempenho financeiro das empresas brasileiras na crise de 2008. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 19, 232-248. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac20151873

Geiger, M. A. & Rama, D. V. (2006). Audit Firm Size and Going-Concern Reporting Accuracy. Accounting Horizons, 20(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.2308/acch.2006.20.1.1

Henselmann, K., Ditter, D., & Scherr, E. (2015). Irregularities in accounting numbers and earnings management—A novel approach based on SEC XBRL filings. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting, 12(1), 117-151. https://doi.org/10.2308/jeta-51247

Ilyas, M., & Jan, S. (2017). Corporate governance and cost of capital: Evidence from Pakistan. Global Management Journal for Academic & Corporate Studies, 7(2), 10-21.

Imhoff, E. A. (2003). Accounting Quality, auditing and Corporate Governance. Accounting Horizon Supplement, 117-128. https://doi.org/10.2308/acch.2003.17.s-1.117

Jaswadi, J. (2012). Corporate governance and accounting irregularities: evidence from the two-tiered board structure in Indonesia. APMBA (Asia Pacific Management and Business Application), 1(1), 3-25. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.apmba.2012.001.01.2

Kallapur, S., Sankaraguruswamy, S., & Zang, Y. (2010). Audit market concentration and audit quality. Available at SSRN 1546356. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1546356

Kausar, A., Shroff, N., & White, H. (2016). Real effects of the audit choice. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 62(1), 157-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2015.10.001

Kim, J. B., Lee, J. J., & Park, J. C. (2015). Audit quality and the market value of cash holdings: The case of office-level auditor industry specialization. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 34(2), 27-57. https://doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-50903

Krishnan, G. V. (2003). Audit quality and the pricing of discretionary accruals. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 22(1), 109-126. https://doi.org/10.2308/aud.2003.22.1.109

Lei nº 11.101/05, de 9 de fevereiro de 2005. Regula a recuperação judicial, a extrajudicial e a falência do empresário e da sociedade empresária. Recuperado de: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2004-2006/2005/lei/l11101.htm. Acessado em: 15/04/2021.

Lei nº 11.638/07, de 28 de dezembro de 2007. Altera e revoga dispositivos da Lei no 6.404, de 15 de dezembro de 1976, e da Lei no 6.385, de 7 de dezembro de 1976, e estende às sociedades de grande porte disposições relativas à elaboração e divulgação de demonstrações financeiras. Recuperado de 18 abril, 2021, de http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2007/lei/l11638.htm.

Lei nº 12.527/11, de 18 de novembro de 2011. (2011). Regula o acesso a informações previsto no inciso XXXIII do art. 5º, no inciso II do § 3º do art. 37 e no § 2º do art. 216 da Constituição Federal; altera a Lei nº 8.112, de 11 de dezembro de 1990; revoga a Lei nº 11.111, de 5 de maio de 2005, e dispositivos da Lei nº 8.159, de 8 de janeiro de 1991; e dá outras providências. Recuperado em 18 abril, 2021, de http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2011-2014/2011/lei/l12527.htm.

Lei nº 6.385/76, de 7 de dezembro de 1976. Dispõe sobre o mercado de valores mobiliários e cria a Comissão de Valores Mobiliários. Recuperado em 15 janeiro, 2021, de http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l6385.htm.

Lei nº 6.404/76, de 15 de dezembro de 1976. Dispõe sobre as Sociedades por Ações. Recuperado de 29 agosto, 2022, de http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l6404consol.htm.

Lennox, C. (1999). Are Large Auditors More Accurate Than Small Auditors? Accounting and Business Research, 29(3), 217–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.1999.9729582

Lennox, C., & Pittman, J. A. (2010). Big Five Audits and Accounting Fraud. Contemporary Accounting Research, 27(1), 209-247. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1137829

Lennox, C., Lisowsky, P., & Pittman, J. (2013). Tax aggressiveness and accounting fraud. Journal of Accounting Research, 51(4), 739-778. https://doi.org/10.1111/joar.12002

Lima, N. M., Bernardo, R. F., Miranda, G. J., & Medeiros, C. R. D. O. (2017). Fraudes corporativas e a formação de contadores: uma análise dos currículos dos cursos de ciências contábeis. Revista Ambiente Contábil-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte-ISSN 2176-9036, 9(1), 97-116. https://doi.org/10.21680/2176-9036.2017v9n1ID8451

Liu, C., & Xu, C. (2021). The effect of audit engagement partner professional experience on audit quality and audit fees: early evidence from Form AP disclosure. Asian Review of Accounting, 29(2), 128-149. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARA-08-2020-0121

Malagueño, R., Albrecht, C., Ainge, C., & Stephens, N. (2010). Accounting and corruption: a cross-country analysis. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 13(4), 372-393. https://doi.org/10.1108/13685201011083885

Martinez, A. L. (2013). Gerenciamento de resultados no Brasil: um survey da literatura. BBR-Brazilian Business Review, 10(4), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2013.10.4.1

Memis, M. U., & Cetenak, E. H. (2012). Earnings management, Audit quality and legal environment: An international comparison. International journal of economics and financial issues, 2(4), 460-469.

Mills, L. F., & Newberry, K. J. (2001). The influence of tax and nontax costs on book‐tax reporting differences: Public and private firms. Journal of the American Taxation Association, 23(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.2308/jata.2001.23.1.1

Murcia, F. D. R., Borba, J. A., & Schiehll, E. (2008). Relevância dos red flags na avaliação do risco de fraudes nas demonstrações contábeis: a percepção de auditores independentes brasileiros. Revista Universo Contábil, 4(1), 25-45.

Nguyen, L., Vu, L., & Yin, X. (2020). The undesirable effect of audit quality: Evidence from firm innovation. The British Accounting Review, 52(6), 100938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2020.100938

Price Waterhouse Coopers Brasil Ltda (2018). Pesquisa global sobre fraudes e crimes econômicos. Recuperado em 11 maio, 2021, de https://www.pwc.com.br/pt/estudos/assets/2018/gecs-18.pdf.

Ramos, M. C., & Martinez, A. L. (2018). Agressividade Tributária e o Refazimento das Demonstrações Financeiras nas empresas brasileiras listadas na B3. Pensar Contábil, 20(72).

Rezaee, Z. (2005). Causes, consequences, and deterence of financial statement fraud. Critical perspectives on Accounting, 16(3), 277-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1045-2354(03)00072-8

Robin, A., Wu, Q., & Zhang, H. (2017). Auditor quality and debt covenants. Contemporary Accounting Research, 34(1), 154-185. https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12243

Santos, S. F., Funchal, B., & Nossa, S. N. (2020). Irregularidades e o valor de mercado das empresas. RAMD200057. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 21(6), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6971/eramd200057

Santos, V. A. (2021). A fraude do banco panamericano: um estudo com base nos processos judiciais e extrajudiciais (Dissertação de Mestrado em Controladoria Empresarial). Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Recuperado em 01 maio, 2021, de http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/4636.

Shivaram, R., Suraj, S., & Zheng, X. (2021). Measuring audit quality. Review of Accounting Studies, 26(2), 559-619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-020-09570-9

Silva, A. H. C., Sancovschi, M., Cardozo, J. S. D. S., & Condé, R. A. D. (2012). Teoria dos escândalos corporativos: uma análise comparativa de casos brasileiros e norte-americanos. Revista de Contabilidade do Mestrado em Ciências Contábeis da UERJ, 17(1), 92-108.

Smaili, N., & Labelle, R. (2016). Corporate governance and accounting irregularities: Canadian evidence. Journal of Management & Governance, 20(3), 625-653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-015-9314-4

Sufy, F. J., Almbaideen, H. I. M., Al-abaadi, H. M., & Makhlouf, M. H. (2013). Corporate Governance and Its Impact on the Quality of Accounting Information in the Industrial Community Shareholding Companies Listed in Amman Financial Market- Jordan. International journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(5), 184-195.

Teixeira, B., Camargo, R. V. W., & Vicente, E. F. R. (2016). Relação entre as Características do Comitê de Auditoria e a Qualidade da Auditoria Independente. Revista Catarinense da Ciência Contábil, 15(44), 60-74. https://doi.org/10.16930/2237-7662/rccc.v15n44p60-74

Wells, J. T. (2014). Principles of fraud examination (4th ed.). Austin, Texas, EUA: Wiley.

Yang, D., Jiao, H., & Buckland, R. (2017). The determinants of financial fraud in Chinese firms: Does corporate governance as an institutional innovation matter? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 125, 309-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.06.035

Yasar, A. (2013). Big four auditors' audit quality and earnings management: Evidence from Turkish stock market. International journal of business and social science, 4(17).

Zhou, J., & Elder, R. (2003). Audit quality and Earnings management by seasoned equity offering firms. Asia pacific journal of Accounting and Economics, 11(2), 95-120. https://doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2004.10510638

Published

2023-07-05

How to Cite

DE SOUSA SANTOS, J. C.; BEZERRA, F. A. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AUDIT QUALITY AND ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL IRREGULARITIES IN BRAZILIAN COMPANIES LISTED ON B3. Contabilidade Vista & Revista, [S. l.], v. 34, n. 1, p. 161–186, 2023. DOI: 10.22561/cvr.v34i1.7754. Disponível em: https://revistas.face.ufmg.br/index.php/contabilidadevistaerevista/article/view/7754. Acesso em: 14 may. 2024.

Most read articles by the same author(s)